Researchers have found that applying a topical ointment containing anti-tumour factor can increase the effectiveness of cancer treatment, according to media outlet Eureka Alert.
The news report details that, “In a study that will be published soon in Molecular Therapy Oncolytics, researchers from Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) reveal that treating oral cancer cells with miR-634, a microRNA that targets pro-tumour factors, can increase the effectiveness of treatment with cisplatin.
“Over 90 per cent of cases of oral cancer are a type of cancer called oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Whilst OSCC can be treated with chemotherapy and radiation, many patients develop resistance to cisplatin, the main drug used to treat it.”
“We recently found that miR-634 counteracts some cell-protective processes, such as anti-apoptotic signalling and antioxidant scavenging, that are activated in cancer cells that are resistant to cisplatin,” says Phuong Xuan Tran, lead author on the study. “This suggests that increasing the amount of this small molecule in cells could increase their sensitivity to this drug.”
To test whether miR-634 can help increase tumour sensitivity to cisplatin, the researchers treated two different OSCC cell lines with both the miRNA and the drug and looked at how many of the cells survived.
“The results were very clear,” states Johji Inazawa, senior author of the study. “Treatment with miR-634 effectively increased cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and overcame cisplatin resistance in OSCC cells, resulting in increased tumour cell killing.”
The news report continues, ”To confirm these results, the researchers then tested the treatment combination in mice with experimental tumours. When the mice were injected with cisplatin and an miR-634 ointment was applied to the tumours, the tumours shrank rapidly.”
“Our findings suggest that miR-634-mediated repression of pro-tumour factors can effectively increase the sensitivity of OSCC to existing chemotherapeutic options such as cisplatin,” says Tran.
The report concludes, “Taken together, the results from this study suggest that miR-634 ointment could be useful for enhancing the effects of chemotherapy in patients with advanced OSCC. Given that the synergistic effects of miR-634 and cisplatin were also seen in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and ovarian cancer cell lines, this treatment combination may also be effective across a variety of cancer types.”