It’s no secret that we are living longer – one in six people will be over 60 by 2030, a 400m increase from 2020. But whilst we are gaining years, we are not gaining health. Disability, chronic and long-term health conditions are likely to increase in prevalence as the population continues to age. Ageing has a profound impact on the entire body, gradually impairing mobility, sensory function, and cognitive abilities while also increasing disease susceptibility. Anticipating the growth in health problems, 2021 to 2030 has been declared the ‘decade of healthy ageing’, with international cooperation being led by the World Health Organization (WHO) to improve the lives of older people.
The ageing population will contribute to a rise in oral complications, such as tooth wear and gingival recession, and an increased incidence of caries, periodontitis and edentulism. As well as encouraging a consistent and effective oral hygiene routine among older patients, dental practitioners should also be aware of how certain changes in diet can be of benefit to older patients.
Fish, flax and fats
According to research, a daily supplement of omega-3 or an omega-3-rich diet is a vital way of helping older people to stay healthy. The body uses fatty acids for energy, with ALA, DHA and EPA being the three types within the omega-3 fatty acids group. DHA is the most important, notably forming much of the brain and the retina of the eyes. Collectively, omega-3 fatty acids can boost brain function and heart health and protect against illnesses including cancer, depression and various inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis. They are also vital components for cell function, providing structure to the membranes and supporting cellular interaction.
As omega-3 fatty acids cannot be created by the body, but provide numerous health benefits, a diet containing omega-3, or a daily supplement, is highly recommended. Foods that fall into this diet include:
- Fatty fish (salmon, sardines, mackerel, herring, bluefin tuna, oysters and mussels)
- Fish oils
- Chia seeds
- Flax seeds
- Flaxseed oil
- Walnuts
Along with their many health benefits, omega-3 fatty acids have been found to slow biological ageing. Changes in epigenetic markers – the chemical tags on DNA that alter the activity of genes – have been noted in studies on omega-3 consumption. Observation of the DNA markers called methyl groups, which usually decline with age and impair cell function, revealed that, three years later, omega-3 supplemented patients had aged three months less than the placebo group. When combined with vitamin D supplements and exercise, the ageing of the markers decreased even more, highlighting a multi-faceted approach to improve healthiness in older patients.
Dietary dilemmas
Whilst a diet rich in omega-3 is to be promoted to older patients, they may not enjoy it as much as they once did – one of the symptoms of ageing is a diminished sense of taste. Impaired taste can prompt people to add more seasoning to meals, which can, in the case of spices, increase irritation and sensitivity. Practitioners should advise moderation.
As age-related health issues become more prevalent, older patients may also be at a greater risk of xerostomia due to the side effects of medications for complications like high blood pressure, high cholesterol and depression. Saliva is the oral cavity’s natural defence, and xerostomia leaves the teeth and gingivae vulnerable to harmful acids and bacteria. A consistent oral hygiene routine that incorporates interdental cleaning, alongside an omega-3-rich diet, can help to support the growing ageing population.
Simple solutions
To help older patients maintain a healthy oral microbiome, recommend the Flexi interdental brush from Tandex. With its flexible handle and malleable brush, the Flexi supports an ergonomically satisfying clean, allowing users to effortlessly manoeuvre it among the interdental spaces. Available in eleven sizes to suit personal preference, the brush can also be supplemented with Prevent Gel from Tandex, which adds an antibacterial effect with its 0.12 per cent chlorhexidine content, providing better protection for patients with xerostomia. This outstanding combination elevates the daily oral hygiene routine, enabling optimal levels of cleanliness.
By promoting positive lifestyle choices, dental practitioners can make invaluable contributions to the wellbeing of older patients, ensuring that the UK’s ageing population get the most out of a longer, healthier life.
References available on request.
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